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Hydrolysis and condensation of various substituted chlorosilanes can be used to produce a very great number of polymeric products, or silicones, ranging from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. They may be prepared by hydrolyzing a silicon organic chloride, such as dimethyl silicon chloride. Silicones are important products of silicon.
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Most acids except hydrofluoric, do not affect it. Silicon is a relatively inert element, but it is attacked by halogens and dilute alkali. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. This product can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hyperpure silicon can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in a hydrogen atmosphere, and by a vacuum float zone process. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Crystalline silicon has a metallic luster and grayish color. Amorphous silicon can be prepared as a brown powder, which can be easily melted or vaporized. Several other methods can be used for preparing the element. Silicon is prepared commercially by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. are but a few of the numerous silicate minerals. Granite, hornblende, asbestos, feldspar, clay mica, etc. Sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal are some of the forms in which the oxide appears.
Silicio metal o no metal free#
Silicon is not found free in nature, but occurs chiefly as the oxide and as silicates. Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earth’s crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. Fourteen other radioactive isotopes are recognized. It is also a component of tektites, a natural glass of uncertain origin. Silicon is present in the sun and stars and is a principal component of a class of meteorites known as “aerolites”. Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element. Berzelius, generally credited with the discovery, in 1824 succeeded in preparing amorphous silicon by the same general method as used earlier, but he purified the product by removing the fluosilicates by repeated washings.
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Silicon is the basis of widely used synthetic polymers called Silicones – such as the specialised elastomer Sheetings and manufactured Components J-Flex supply to many industries around the world in demanding applications.Davy in 1800 thought silica to be a compound and not an element later in 1811, Gay Lussac and Thenard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.It was the dominant material of the ‘Silicon Age’ (the late 20th century to early 21st century) – being an important element in high-technology semiconductor devices.Silicon and Silicates are widely used in Industrial Construction materials, Ceramics, Glass, Electronics, Steel Refining, Aluminium and Chemical Industries.Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass.Its melting and boiling points of 1414 ☌ and 3265 ☌ respectively are the second-highest among all the metalloids and nonmetals, being only surpassed by boron.More than 90% of the Earth’s crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen?.It is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor.Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14.